Ear infections in spaniels: spotting the problem and what to do next

This guide explains how ear infections commonly affect spaniels, how to recognise them, the smells that often indicate trouble and sensible next steps. It is informational only and not veterinary advice or a diagnosis. If you are worried about your dog, consult a veterinary professional.

Why spaniels are more prone to ear infections

Many spaniel breeds have long, floppy ears and a dense coat around the ear canal. These features reduce airflow, trap moisture and can hold debris or hair against the ear canal. Factors that commonly contribute to infections include allergies, regular swimming, excess hair in the ear, foreign bodies (such as grass seeds), ear mite infestations and an underlying skin condition. Recurrent or untreated infections can lead to chronic changes and scarring of the ear canal.

Common signs to watch for

• Scratching at the ear—repeated pawing or rubbing the ear against furniture.
• Head shaking—frequent shaking or tilting of the head.
• Red or swollen ear flap—the pinna (visible part of the ear) may look inflamed.
• Discharge—any waxy, creamy, dark or bloody discharge coming from the ear.
• Visible debris or wax build-up—excessive, odorous material in the entrance to the ear canal.
• Pain or sensitivity—yelping, snapping when the ear is touched, or reluctance to have the head handled.
• Changes in hearing or balance—reluctance to respond to sounds, head tilt, circling or stumbling.
• Behavioural changes—reduced appetite, irritability or lethargy if the infection is severe or uncomfortable.

Smells that may indicate an ear infection

Some odours are more likely to be associated with an infection than others. A new, strong, unpleasant smell coming from one or both ears is a warning sign and should prompt closer inspection by a vet.

• Yeasty or musty—commonly associated with fungal or yeast overgrowth.
• Rancid or very sour—may suggest a bacterial infection producing volatile compounds.
• Fishy or ammonia-like—can occur with particular bacterial species.
• Sweet or fruity—less common, but any unusual, persistent odour is worth checking.

Why you should act promptly

Early identification and professional assessment can prevent an uncomfortable condition becoming chronic. Untreated infections can cause intense pain, deeper tissue damage, permanent narrowing of the ear canal, hearing loss and rare but serious spread to surrounding tissues or middle/inner ear structures. Addressing the cause early also helps prevent repeated episodes.

What to do next (safe steps at home)

• Avoid inserting anything into the ear canal, including cotton buds or other implements, as this can push material deeper or damage the ear.
• Keep your dog comfortable and prevent further irritation—discourage scratching and avoid letting water into the ear until you have spoken to a vet.
• Gather useful information for your veterinary appointment: when the problem started, any recent swimming or grooming, prior ear issues, changes in diet or environment, and any current medications or supplements.
• If you can, take a clear photo of the inside of the ear or record the dog’s head-shaking behaviour to show the vet.

When to contact a vet urgently

Contact a vet urgently if your dog shows any of the following:

• Severe pain or signs of acute distress.
• Sudden facial droop or weakness on one side of the face.
• Marked head tilt, loss of balance, circling or inability to stand.
• Profuse bleeding from the ear or a suspected ruptured eardrum.
• High temperature, collapse, refusal to eat or very rapid deterioration.

These signs can indicate a serious complication and require immediate veterinary assessment.

What a vet may discuss and investigate

At the appointment, your vet will take a clinical history and examine the ear. Typical discussions and procedures may include:

• An otoscopic examination to visualise the ear canal and eardrum where possible.
• Sampling of any discharge for cytology and, if needed, culture to identify bacteria or yeast.
• Investigating possible underlying causes such as allergies, hormonal disorders, foreign bodies or skin disease.
• Reviewing grooming and ear-management routines, including whether hair removal or regular drying has been appropriate in the past.
• Considering follow-up plans, monitoring and, for recurrent cases, referral to a veterinary dermatologist or surgeon.

Your vet will explain treatment options appropriate for the cause and severity; this may include topical medicines, systemic drugs or other interventions. They will tailor their recommendations to your pet and will advise you on safe ear care going forward.

Practical questions to ask your vet

1. What do you think is causing my spaniel’s ear problem?
2. Do you need a sample or tests to confirm the cause?
3. What treatment options are available and what are the likely benefits and risks?
4. Will this affect my dog’s hearing or balance long term?
5. Are there changes I should make to bathing, swimming or grooming routines?
6. How will we monitor progress and when should I bring my dog back?
7. Could allergies or diet be contributing, and should I see a specialist?
8. Are there signs that would mean I should seek urgent care?

Prevention and ongoing care (discussion points, not instructions)

Preventive strategies for spaniels typically focus on reducing the factors that encourage moisture and debris to remain in the ear and managing any underlying conditions such as allergies. Your vet can advise a safe routine tailored to your dog’s needs, including how often to have ears checked and whether specialised ear care products or professional grooming are appropriate for your pet.

FAQ

• How quickly do ear infections develop?
  They can develop over a few days or build gradually. A new smell, swelling or sudden change in behaviour usually warrants a veterinary check.
• Can ear infections spread between pets?
  Some causes, such as ear mites, can spread, while bacterial or yeast infections are usually related to an individual pet’s ear environment. Ask your vet if you have multiple animals and one shows signs.
• Is swimming always a problem for spaniels?
  Swimming can increase moisture in the ear for some dogs and may be a contributing factor, but many spaniels swim without issues if other care measures are in place. Discuss your dog’s individual risk with a vet.
• Will an ear infection clear up on its own?
  Minor irritation sometimes resolves, but many infections need professional assessment and targeted treatment to prevent recurrence or complications. If signs persist beyond a day or two, seek veterinary advice.
• Can grooming cause ear infections?
  Excessive hair removal or improper cleaning can irritate the ear. Professional grooming and veterinary guidance help ensure ear care is safe and beneficial for your dog.

If you believe your spaniel has an ear infection or you notice worrying signs, don’t delay—professional assessment is important for comfort and long-term ear health.

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